What type of frequency is most closely related to the perceived pitch of a sound?

The choice of fundamental frequency is most closely associated with the perceived pitch of a sound. This is because the fundamental frequency represents the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform, and it is primarily what our auditory system detects when determining the pitch of a sound. In most musical contexts, the fundamental frequency corresponds to what we identify as the "note" being played or sung.

Although harmonic frequencies can contribute to timbre and richness of sound, they are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency and do not directly affect pitch perception in the same way. Subharmonic frequencies, which are lower than the fundamental frequency and may appear in specific contexts like in some voice or instrumental techniques, do not determine perceived pitch either. Vocal frequency, while it may refer to frequencies produced by the voice, does not specifically indicate a single frequency relevant to pitch perception.

Thus, fundamental frequency is integral for understanding how we perceive pitch, making it the correct choice in this context.